MySQL两种表存储结构MyISAM和InnoDB的性能比较测试

MySQL支持的两种主要表存储格式MyISAM，InnoDB，上个月做个项目时，先使用了InnoDB，结果速度特别慢，1秒钟只能插入10几条。后来换成MyISAM格式，一秒钟插入上万条。当时决定这两个表的性能也差别太大了吧。后来自己推测，不应该差别这么慢，估计是写的插入语句有问题，决定做个测试：测试环境：Redhat Linux9，4CPU，内存2G，MySQL版本为4.1.6-gamma-standard测试程序：Python＋Python-MySQL模块。测试方案：1、MyISAM格式分别测试，事务和不用事务两种情况：2、InnoDB格式分别测试AutoCommit＝1（不用begin transaction和用begin transaction模式）， AutoCommit=0 （不用begin transaction和用begin transaction模式）四种情况。

测试方法为插入10000条记录。为了测试不互相影响，单独建立了专用的测试表，建表语句如下：1、MyISAM不用事务表：CREATE TABLE `MyISAM_NT` ( `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '') ENGINE=MyISAM;

2、MyISAM用事务表:CREATE TABLE `MyISAM_TS` ( `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '') ENGINE=MyISAM;

3、InnoDB关闭AutoCommit，不用事务:CREATE TABLE `INNODB_NA_NB` ( `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '') ENGINE=InnoDB;

4、InnoDB关闭AutoCommit，用事务:CREATE TABLE `INNODB_NA_BE` ( `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '') ENGINE=InnoDB;

5、InnoDB开启AutoCommit，不用事务:CREATE TABLE `INNODB_AU_NB` ( `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '') ENGINE=InnoDB;

6、InnoDB开启AutoCommit，用事务:CREATE TABLE `INNODB_AU_BE` ( `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default '') ENGINE=InnoDB;

测试的Python脚本如下：

#!/usr/bin/env Python'''MyISAM,InnoDB性能比较作者：空心菜（Invalid）时间：2004-10-22'''import MySQLdbimport sysimport osimport stringimport time

c = None

testtables = [("MyISAM_NT",None,0), ("MyISAM_TS",None,1), ("INNODB_NA_NB",0,0), ("INNODB_NA_BE",0,1), ("INNODB_AU_NB",1,0), ("INNODB_AU_BE",1,1) ]

def BeginTrans():

print "ExecSQL:BEGIN;" c.execute("BEGIN;") return

def Commit(): print "ExecSQL:COMMIT;" c.execute("COMMIT;") return

def AutoCommit(flag): print "ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = "+str(flag) c.execute("Set AUTOCOMMIT = "+str(flag)) returndef getcount(table): #print "ExecSQL:select count(*) from "+table c.execute("select count(*) from "+table) return c.fetchall()[0][0]def AddTable (Table,TableId,TableString):

sql = "INSERT INTO "+Table+"(TableId, TableString) VALUES( "+ TableId+ ",'" + TableString +"')" try: c.execute(sql) except MySQLdb.OperationalError,error: print "AddTable Error:",error return -1; return c.rowcount

def main():

argv = sys.argv

if len(argv) < 2: print 'Usage:',argv[0],' TableId TestCount \n' sys.exit(1) global c #mysql访问cursor

db_host = "localhost" db_name = "demo" db_user = "root" db_user_passwd = "" print "Config:[%s %s/%s %s] DB\n"%(db_host,db_user,db_user_passwd,db_name) if len(argv) > 2: tableid = argv[1] testcount = int(argv[2]) #

for test in testtables: #每次操作前都重写建立数据库连接 try: mdb = MySQLdb.connect(db_host, db_user, db_user_passwd, db_name) except MySQLDb.OperationalError,error: print "Connect Mysql[%s %s/%s %s] DB Error:"%(db_host,db_user,db_user_passwd,db_name),error,"\n" sys.exit(1) else: c = mdb.cursor() table,autocommit,trans = test starttime = time.time() print table," ",time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())

if autocommit != None: AutoCommit(autocommit) if trans == 1: BeginTrans()

for i in xrange(testcount): tablestring = "%020d"%i if (AddTable(table,tableid,tablestring)<1): print "AddTable Error",tablestring if trans == 1: Commit() print time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime()) endtime = time.time() usedtime = endtime-starttime

print table,"count:",getcount(table)," used time:",usedtime c.close() mdb.close()

if __name__ == '__main__': main()测试结果如下：Config:[localhost root/ demo] DB

MyISAM_NT 04-10-22 16:33:2404-10-22 16:33:26MyISAM_NT count: 10000 used time: 2.1132440567MyISAM_TS 04-10-22 16:33:26ExecSQL:BEGIN;ExecSQL:COMMIT;04-10-22 16:33:29MyISAM_TS count: 10000 used time: 2.65475201607INNODB_NA_NB 04-10-22 16:33:29ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 004-10-22 16:33:31INNODB_NA_NB count: 10000 used time: 2.51947999001INNODB_NA_BE 04-10-22 16:33:31ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 0ExecSQL:BEGIN;ExecSQL:COMMIT;04-10-22 16:33:35INNODB_NA_BE count: 10000 used time: 3.85625100136INNODB_AU_NB 04-10-22 16:33:35ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 104-10-22 16:34:19INNODB_AU_NB count: 10000 used time: 43.7153041363INNODB_AU_BE 04-10-22 16:34:19ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 1ExecSQL:BEGIN;ExecSQL:COMMIT;04-10-22 16:34:22INNODB_AU_BE count: 10000 used time: 3.14328193665结论：由此得知影响速度的主要原因是AUTOCOMMIT默认设置是打开的，我当时的程序没有显式调用BEGIN;开始事务，导致每插入一条都自动Commit，严重影响了速度。算来也是个低级错误！

相关参考：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/COMMIT.htmlhttp://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/InnoDB_and_AUTOCOMMIT.html